Re: Transporting Anhydrous Ammonia
Cyril Durrenberger
Tim and others,
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LPG is actually a mixture of butane and propane and other hydrocarbons. I suggest that you look at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane to get some information on propane and the similar ones for LPG and butane. Propane has been used for many years (since the 1920's) and I will not repeat what is in the article above. Until the middle 1920's natural gas that was often released when crude oil was produced was flared as a waste product. At that time techniques were developed to capture the natural gas and then use it as a fuel. When that happened many plants, especially near the oil production areas, changed from using coal or lignite to natural gas. In Texas that conversion killed the lignite and soft coal mining in a very short time. Normally, natural gas at the well is a mixture of methane, ethane, butane, propane, H2S, CO2, water and other compounds. The exact amount is a function of where the gas is produced. The water and acid gas (H2S and CO2) are removed early in the are removed early in the process. Then the butane and propane are removed as they can be sold for more money than the methane and ethane. Once this treating is completed, then the methane and ethane are sent to a pipeline for delivery to customers. This mixture has no odor. The natural gas odor is actually an organic sulfur compound that is added prior to delivery to residential customers so its presence can be identified by smell. Butane and propane can sometimes be found in gasoline and other refined products. So the shipment of LPG has been around for some time. Likely more than anyone on the list cares to know. Let me know off list if you are interested in the natural gas processing and I can provide some references. Cyril Durrenberger --------------------------------------------
On Mon, 7/27/15, Tony Thompson tony@signaturepress.com [STMFC] <STMFC@yahoogroups.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [STMFC] Transporting Anhydrous Ammonia To: STMFC@yahoogroups.com Date: Monday, July 27, 2015, 5:21 PM Where would a Tidewater LPG car have been used? Tidewater was an east coast company, yes? Did LPG travel very long distances? I had the impression that LPG was a by-product of refining that was mostly "flared off" until a market developed for it -- So it would be available from any petroleum refinery in the STMFC era right? Tidewater Associated had east coast facilities (reporting marks TWOX), Oklahoma facilities (mark TIDX) and West Coast facilities (mark AOX, for the Associated part of the name). All indications I have seen are that the fleet was freely mixed, but each facility naturally rostered cars of most use to its needs. Having found incomplete and/or inaccurate histories of the Tidewater Associated company in print and on the web, I set about to research it, and have posted a summary on my blog (link below, if you're interested; that post also contains a link to an even longer history I wrote). I also corrected the Wikipedia and other web sources, so today the web sources are mostly better. http://modelingthesp.blogspot.com/2013/12/associated-oil-company-background.html Tony Thompson Editor, Signature Press, Berkeley, CA 2906 Forest Ave., Berkeley, CA 94705 www.signaturepress.com(510) 540-6538; fax, (510) 540-1937; e-mail, tony@signaturepress.comPublishers of books on railroad history #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519 -- #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp { border:1px solid #d8d8d8;font-family:Arial;margin:10px 0;padding:0 10px;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp hr { border:1px solid #d8d8d8;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp #yiv0844563519hd { color:#628c2a;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;line-height:122%;margin:10px 0;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp #yiv0844563519ads { margin-bottom:10px;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp .yiv0844563519ad { padding:0 0;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp .yiv0844563519ad p { margin:0;} #yiv0844563519 #yiv0844563519ygrp-mkp 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