Many were the roads that kept archbar trucks and K brake systems on company-service cars. Furthermore, unlike within the US, these were NO restrictions on the use of cars equipped with either or both of these items in Canada.

The GN likely paid duty on these cars to allow them free passage across the border and to stay in Canada for a long period of time. Duty was paid on ceratin CN sleeping cars to allow their travel back and forth across the border without restriction. In the 1950's, the CPR had duty paid on certain locomotives running in New England. The CPR also had PS-1 boxcars built for its US division, the International of Maine headquartered at Brownville Jct., ME.

Company service cars often spent a substantial amount of time at one location. But customs legislation and regulations pursuant thereto required that equipment stationed in one country return to that country within a fixed timeframe (72 hours?). Perhaps too short a time frame for company serivce cars.

Steve Lucas.