There are two varieties of sand (and probably further distinctions can be made of each).  There’s beach sand, which is rounded grains (also what’s in the Sahara desert) from the wave (and wind) action.  I would surmise that variety of sand would need to be covered so it doesn’t blow away.

The other variety is angular sand, which comes from (typically) sand pits away from water.  Angular sand is required for use in concrete, as it will lock together with the cement matrix to form a solid durable structure.  I would guess that angular sand >might< be shipped without being covered as it would be less likely to blow away in transit.

And at this point I will point out one of my pet issues with the distinction between concrete and cement.  Cement is an element in making concrete.  Cement is not, directly, concrete.

Schuyler

Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarghh!!

Clark,

I looked up my Q hopper roster to get the car classes, and I don’t find series 190000-191749 listed as such. I found 19000-19499 (HT-1) and 190500-190999 (HT-2). The next class I have is 192000-192599 (HT-5), 192600-193049 and 193100-193199 (HT-5A steel), and 193500-193749 (HT-5A composite). I don’t show any Q hoppers numbered 191000-191999. I also don’t have any information about a HT-3 or HT-4 class, which possibly could fill in the 191000 -191999 series. Is it possible that 191749 is a typo? If not where did you get the 1910000 series information?

Nelson Moyer

190000-191749 were twin hoppers in classes HT-1 to HT-4, built between 1926 and 1929 with an outside length of 35’ 1”.

190672 was an HT-2, built at Galesburg in 1927-8.

192000-193199 covered classes HT-5 and HT-5A built at Galesburg and Havelock between 1936 and 1945, basically identical to the earlier classes.
192362 was one of 300 built at Galesburg in 1936-7.

Rupert Gamlen
Auckland NZ

Thanks Rupert. My list doesn’t include HT-3 and HT-4 so I need the information on those for my hopper roster. Here’s what I have. Will you provide the missing data?

Class                           Series                    Built          Type      Brake Truck

HC-1                           180000-180199     1940-48     70 ton                               Klasing                  National

                                    180200-180299     1943          70 ton                                                             National

                                    180300-180399     1945          70 ton                               Universal              Double truss

                                    184000-180499     1946          70 ton                                                             Double truss            

                                    180500-180649     1948          70 ton                               Universal              Double truss            

HC-1A                        180650-180849     1951          70 ton                                                             Double truss

                                    180850-181049     1952          70 ton                               Miner                    Double truss

HT-1                           190000-190499     1926          55 ton     Perfection or Ajax                        Dalman

HT-2                           190500-190999     1927-28     55 ton                                                             #48

HT-5                           192000-192249     1936          55 ton

                                    192250-192499     1937          55 ton

                                    192500-192599     1938          55 ton

HT-5A Steel               192600-192849     1940          55 ton

                                    192850-193049     1941          55 ton

                                    193100-193199     1945          55 ton                                                             National

HT-5A Composite      193500-193749     1942-44     50 ton    

HT-5B                         189000-189649     1945          55 ton

                                    189650-189999     1946          55 ton

HT-5C                         188000-188999     1947-48     55 ton

HT-7 Composite         193500-193749     1943          55 ton                               Ajax                      double truss

HT-8 Composite         194000-194399     1944          50 ton     Ajax or Miner                          ASF (#65A)

                                    194400-194999     1944          50 ton     Ajax or Miner                          National

HT-10                         170000-170449     1948-49     70 ton                                                             #70

HT-10A                       170500-171099     1951          70 ton                                                             #73B                       

                                    171100-171849     1953          70 tom                                                            #83                          

In addition to adding new information, please feel free to make any corrections to the data I compiled.

Nelson Moyer

HT-3 191000-191499

HT-4 191500-191749

Rupert Gamlen
Auckland NZ

Thanks for the HT-3 and HT-4 series ranges.

Nelson Moyer